Striving to be the most comprehensive online resource for high-quality pathology images

 
Aug 2022

Germ Cell Tumors of Ovary

Reviewer(s): Dharam M. Ramnani, MD
Germ cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary originate from primordial germ cells and make up 30% of all primary ovarian neoplasms. More than 90% of ovarian GCT are mature cystic teratomas which are benign tumors. Remaining 5% are malignant. Malignant GCT make up 3% and 20% of all ovarian cancers in Western countries and Asian/African countries respectively.

Patients with malignant GCT are usually between 15-30 yrs. of age. Tumors are large (average size 16 cm) and generally unilateral (except dysgerminomas; 10-20% cases are bilateral). Presenting symptoms are abdominal enlargement and pelvic pain. Serum hCG and AFP levels can give a clue to the diagnosis and are useful in monitoring postoperatively.

The treatment consists of fertility-sparing surgery followed by combination chemotherapy. About 60-75% of patients present with Stage I disease which has a cure rate of almost 100%. About 25-30% have Stage III disease at diagnosis and the cure rate is around 75%.

REFERENCES:
1. WHO Classification of Tumors. Female Genital Tumors. 5th Edition, 2020; IARC, Lyon, France.
2. Nucci MR, Parra-Herran C (2021). Gynecologic Pathology. 2nd Edition. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier.
3. Goldblum, J. R. et al (2018). Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology - Eleventh Edition. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier.

Dysgerminoma

Mature Teratoma

Immature Teratoma

Embryonal Carcinoma of Ovary

Yolk Sac Tumor of Ovary

Struma Ovarii

Ovarian Carcinoid

Somatic Neoplasms arising from Teratoma

Gonadoblastoma

Mixed Germ Cell-Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor, NOS